La Ruleta Genética – Organismos Genéticamente Modificados (OGM) [Documental]
Este video hace un llamado de atención sobre los temas relacionados con la introducción de Organismos Genéticamente Modificados (OGM) en nuestros alimentación diaria.
Hoy en día, por primera vez en la historia de la humanidad, la ciencia es capaz de transferir directamente genes o grupos de genes entre especies diferentes. Es necesaria la construcción de una conciencia colectiva alrededor de las repercusiones y los riesgos potenciales relativos a la producción de OGM sobre el medio natural y el organismo humano.
Un organismo genéticamente modificado (OGM) es aquella planta, animal, hongo o bacteria a la que se le ha agregado por ingeniería genética uno o unos pocos genes con el fin de producir proteínas de interés industrial o bien mejorar ciertos rasgos, como la resistencia a plagas, la calidad nutricional, la tolerancia a heladas, entre otras características.
Aunque comúnmente el término más nombrado es “alimento transgénico” para referirse a aquel que proviene de cultivos vegetales modificados genéticamente, es importante recalcar que también se emplean enzimas y aditivos obtenidos de microorganismos transgénicos en la elaboración y procesamiento de muchos de los alimentos que ingerimos.
El abanico de posibilidades que se abre a estas técnicas parece limitado. En la ganadería y en la agricultura, por ejemplo, la producción puede aumentar considerablemente gracias a un crecimiento más rápido de las plantas y de los animales, a una mayor resistencia a las enfermedades y a los parásitos, así como a una mejor adaptación a medios dificiles.
Es dificil medir en la actualidad la amplitud de las consecuencias que se derivan de la utilización de OGM sobre el medio natural y el organismo humano. Las iniplicaciones de orden socioeconómico, ético y ambiental no tienen precedentes. La cuestión de la producción agrícola y agroalimentaria a partir de OGNI es sin lugar a dudas una de las más controvertidas del momento, y los países dudan en resolverla después de haber sido, en un primer niomento, favorables a esta práctica innovadora.
Las iniplicaciones de orden socioeconómico, ético y ambiental no tienen precedentes.
Las investigaciones sobre los OGM, realizadas sobre todo por el sector privado, tienen un coste muy elevado y solo serán rentables por sus aplicaciones industriales. De ahí la necesidad aparente, en el sistema económico actual, de patentar cada descubrimiento. Consecuentemente, el agricultor podría verse en la obligación de volver a comprar sinuentes cada año (si utilizamos las nuevas tecnologías para el control de la expresión genética de los vegetales, por ejemplo) o incluso la investigación pública no podría efectuarse sin autorización de las firmas privadas. La patente de estos descubrimientos podría conllevar la privatización de un patrimonio colectivo: la vida.
Asimismo, una planta transgénica puede transmitir sus nuevos genes a otra planta, sea de la misma especie (polinización cruzada intraespecífica) o de otra especie colindante (interespecífica), Es lo que algunos llaman “contaminación genética”. La utilización de plantas transgénicas pone en evidencia el problema de la irreversibilidad de ciertas modificaciones. Los riesgos, como se puede adivinar, son tan grandes como las esperanzas que los OGNI han suscitado inmediatamente.
La finalidad principal de este video es llamar la atención sobre los temas relacionados con la introducción de OGM em nuestros alimentación diaria y la construcción de una conciencia colectiva alrededor de las repercusiones positivas y los riesgos potenciales relativos a la producción de OGM.
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